Discussion- Ch12 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conversation Ch12 - Coursework Example The development stage includes a high pace of income increment inferable from access to extra market and mindfulness by the clients. Showcasing at the development stage incorporate improvement of new item highlights and bundling, expanded publicizing, and setting of significant expenses inferable from popularity. Section by contenders to the market lessens income development towards the finish of the development stage. The development stage is arrived at when deals development diminishes yet attributable to high brand nearness promoting is decreased. Item similitude is high decreasing separation with the showcasing blend done through deals advancements, value decreases, produce include changes, and creative conveyance channels focused on augmentation of item lifecycle and upkeep of piece of the pie. Immersion of the market, innovative out of date items, and changes in client tastes brings about deals decay. Different highlights of the decay stage incorporate expanding costs from diminished creation volumes causing absence of benefit. Advertising at the decrease stage remembers decrease for item contributions, bringing down of costs, little advancement use, and particular conveyance. In the wake of perusing Liang’s conversation, I accept he verbalizes the ideas in item lifecycle well however he doesn't give the showcasing procedures to use at the presentation stage. The conversation doesn't express the advertising procedures in the development and development arranges but instead treats the two unmistakable stages together as far as promoting. The decay stage advertising techniques are not all around examined. By and large the conversation is instructive on the item life cycle however not satisfactory on the diverse showcasing methodologies applied at different phases of the item

Managing Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace Free Essays

Work environment Bullying (the diligent introduction to relational animosity and abuse from associates, bosses or subordinates) is a respectful issue in contemporary working life, with pulverizing impacts on the two targets and associations (Nearest, Hole, Zap, Cooper 2003; Earner Seashell, 2005) There are various types of harassing in this 21 SST century as it need not be physical with such headway in innovation. Harassing can be immediate, circuitous uninvolved and through internet based life also. In this manner we should plot the degree on what is harassing and what isn't before we can attract up an approach to oversee such occurrences. We will compose a custom exposition test on Overseeing Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now There is no particular enactment to battle working environment harassing in Singapore (Jay Parka’s, Inciting Injury: An Expos of work environment tormenting in Singapore). There are numerous a period where work environment tormenting is so minute in nature and frequently left undulate with that it is left unnoticed, anyway this demonstrations of harassing develops in time making an unfriendly and delicate workplace. What is tormenting and badgering? Physical and obnoxious attack can be considered in as harassing however different types of tormenting might be excessively unobtrusive. Provocation can be a profoundly touchy subject as every distinctive individual can take it to be in various manners. What one individual considers being a demonstration of fun loving signal the included party may suspect something. The Workplace Bullying Institute characterizes work environment tormenting as â€Å"abusive lead that seems to be; undermining, mortifying, threatening, or work impedance and verbal abuse†. The results to the businesses may incorporate; diminished effectiveness, efficiency and benefit. Increment in non-appearance, debilitated leaves and staff turnover. Increment in backhanded costs, for example, the executives time, connecting with go betweens and advisors. This rundown isn't thorough as there are numerous different uniqueness a business may look because of work environment tormenting. Then again when we are to take a gander at the ramifications for the representatives working environment tormenting and provocation can cause broad medical issues including physical and mental ailments and wounds causing impeding impacts for them. Along these lines for the association to progress in the direction of manageability it is imperative to initially recognize and attempt to kill if not hundred percent in any event 90 percent of this issue, reason being it isn't just the casualty who endures and feels the impacts of harassing it is felt over all slants of the associations as we have seen from the non-thorough rundown given previously. While it might appear that the above examination may give an understanding into tormenting in associations, it is turning out to be apparent that administration needs to begin making proactive strides and measures in recognizing and advancing arrangements and usage to address these squeezing needs though if not misfortunes can be caused for the association. 00006718 The initial step to this is the association illuminates plainly their position and their blueprint on tormenting and badgering before an individual is being highlighted any post in the association, additionally the administration of the association ought to obviously state and comprise which exercises are viewed as harassing or provocation thusly making it hard for representatives to discover any provisos in the framework subsequently getting away from the punishments. When this is done, an order ought to be illuminated and conveyed to all representatives in the association paying little heed to their position or job in the association, accordingly acquiring everybody the association to a typical single comprehension. Clear punishments and activities ought to likewise be remembered for he mandate to discourage any potential domineering jerks from submitting such acts. All staff no matter how you look at it ought to be made to sign this order empowering the administration to take activities and hold blameworthy representatives at risk . These orders ought to be unmistakably formalized and all around imparted to the forefront administrators with the goal that they can take activities if any of the staff were to penetrate the mandate. Furthermore the association ought to have an unmistakable correspondence channel no matter how you look at it from base up. Staff and individual over all level ought to approach this correspondence channel and frantic product of such correspondence channel. The greatness of successful inside correspondence is clear in past looks into ( Muhammad Raff et al. 2009; Mark Chon, 2007) For instance, Barrett (2002) highlights, the most ideal approach to reach and worker is by means of eye to eye correspondence than depending on roundabout channels, for example, electronic media. Falkland and Hide (2008) underscores on base up correspondence. Besides, Welch and Jackson (2007) claims that, instead of regarding representatives as a solitary open, they ought to be fragmented dependent on state auxil iary degrees of socioeconomics. This can help in guaranteeing that the pertinent data focused to contact the applicable individual can contact them in an important and smooth way. Thusly with such correspondence diverts set up the supervisory crew are very much aware of protests against harassing in any degrees of the association and vital advances and moves can be made quickly. Uncommon helpline or prepared HER staff in the territory of guiding can be set up to handle touchy issues which a few workers may think that its troublesome in advancing to their immediate administrators. Data from all cases must be maintained with the most noteworthy dependability in order to ensure the interests of the representative who is enduring or confronting tormenting or provocation in the association. In conclusion is to make a solid bond among the representatives working in the association. Teaching a solid feeling of bond among them and making a solid feeling of proprietorship towards the organization and its shared objective would empower the representatives to work connected at the hip to accomplish the objectives in this manner empowering the association to understand its actual advantages and draw out the fullest from a worker. In the event that solid bonds are made toward the beginning representatives would e ready to distinguish the distinctions which they have and sort them out as needs be without the assistance of the administration of the obstruction of their bosses consequently making a superior workplace. To accomplish this, the association can hold yearly holding exercises for their representatives, welcome experts to offer their thoughts and realities on worker connections, hold month to month gatherings to resolve any issues emerging and to let the representatives quickly handle the issue inside themselves, Muhammad Shaffer s/o Mohamed all in all, a well working and vigorous association generally relies upon beneficiary supportability of their workers. Harmful and threatening workplace may lead the association to need certain zones, in this way immobility’s the association in their development. Associations ought to thusly from the Start prevent such tormenting and provocation issues, regardless of whether these issues were to manifest in the later piece of the associations development the administration must be quick in taking care of and removing such hazardous exercises before it impacts the entire association. As said above, tormenting or badgering doesn't just influence the individual who is the casualty it’s impacts can be felt over the opening association all in all. The most effective method to refer to Managing Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace, Papers

Payday Loans and Wage Garnishment What You Need to Know - OppLoans

Payday Loans and Wage Garnishment What You Need to Know - OppLoans Payday Loans and Wage Garnishment: What You Need to Know Payday Loans and Wage Garnishment: What You Need to KnowInside Subprime: Nov 30, 2018By Ben Moore  Wage garnishment sounds scary because it is. Imagine that you’re having trouble repaying a debt. A court orders that your employer pull money from your paycheck and give it to whomever you owe the money. (Yes, they can do that.) You’re working just as hard, but taking home less each month. And you have to suffer the embarrassment of a court contacting your employer.Wage garnishment could come into effect for a variety of debts owed, including child support, back taxes, and personal loans, such as payday loans. However, payday lenders must first get a court order before they can begin garnishing wages, which is typically a last resort in the collections process.Once a payday loan goes into default status, payday lenders won’t waste any time coming after the money that is due. If a lenders automatic withdrawals from a borrowers account do not go through due to a lack of sufficient f unds, the loan provider might break the debit charges down into smaller increments to take whatever funds from the account that they can. Any attempts to collect payment from the bank account could result in overdraft fees if the account balance is too low, and could possibly cause other pre-existing charges to fail, causing additional fees.Once a payday loan firm sends your debt to a collections agency, the risk escalates. Collections agencies have the ability to issue a court summons if the borrower is not paying back the loan. In fact, nearly all lawsuits against consumers are for small amounts. Lenders typically win because most borrowers do not show up to their court date. The judge will enter a summary judgment, which will allow the court to begin collecting the debt on behalf of the lender or collections agency. Depending on the state, this could mean bank account levies and wage garnishment.Federal law limits how much can be garnished from your paycheck. The amount that can be garnished is limited to 25 percent of the borrower’s disposable earnings, or what is left after mandatory deductions, or the amount by which your weekly wages exceed thirty times the minimum wage, whichever is lower. However, some states will set a lower percentage limit, thereby protecting more of the debtor’s wages. For example, in the state of Massachusetts, most judgment creditors can only garnish up to 15 percent of the debtors’ wages. (The full list of wage garnishment laws by state can be seen here)Borrower’s have rights when it comes to the wage garnishment process, but it is the responsibility of the borrower to be aware of and exercise these rights. The borrower has the right to be legally notified of the wage garnishment, and the borrower can file a dispute if the notice has inaccurate information or the debt owed is incorrect. Social security and veterans benefits are exempt from wage garnishment, but these could be seized once they reach a bank account. Also, a borrower cannot be fired for having one wage garnishment, but this protection is lost if a borrower incurs more than one garnishment.For more information on payday loans, scams, and  cash advances  and  title loans,  check out our state-by-state financial guides.Visit  OppLoans  on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

Still Alice - Lisa Geneva about the Symptoms of Dementia Free Essay Example, 2000 words

I could not help but agree with Lisa Geneva in her Still Alice on her approach to theory, especially as she did not only layout the psycho-behavioral symptoms of the disease but also gave a professional and medical explanation to some of these symptoms. Genova explains The cognitive deficits the symptoms of dementia occur before the form of the plague before the neurons die. In the brain of someone with Alzheimer's, there is too much of soluble protein called amyloid-beta 42 (Genova 62). Another important aspect of the book is that it is very consistent with the existing theory about Alzheimer's disease, especially those that relate to the psychology of the disease. It is not surprising that the writer treats issues such as suicide as a crucial theme in the book to reflect the outcome of Alice s psychological reaction to the disease. For example, it is explained in the literature that even though causes of cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's is well understood, behavioral and psychological symptoms, otherwise known as BPSD are not well established in terms of causes, even though acts such as agitation and aggression can be associated with BPSD (Colman 223). At the point where Alice was contemplating following the instructions in the butterfly file as a suicide file, she was at a crossroads of explaining what her quality of life would be like, even though the more she sought to find answers, the more she seemed to lose the battle. We will write a custom essay sample on Still Alice - Lisa Geneva about the Symptoms of Dementia or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This part of the book was a major plus for the writer who combines the literary device of imagery with the realistic psychological touch of the issue at hand in the book. This is because it was noted that the suicide file was named the butterfly file with the picture of a butterfly at the back to depict the life of the butterfly, which was the embodiment of the beautiful blue art nouveau necklace her mother gave her to her when she was only a little girl. Just as she complained in her childhood, the butterfly was a beautiful creature that had a very short lifespan.

Risks For An Entrepreneur Who Becomes Emotionally Attached...

4-3: There are many risks for an entrepreneur who becomes emotionally attached to an idea to a new business. One of risk is that it might waste the entrepreneur a lot of time and money. Another risk is that new idea can destroy the achievement they have got before. 4-10: Tools for conducting primary research: 1. Customer surveys and questionnaires: Creating a surveys or questionnaires for collecting customer’s ideas. 2. Focus groups: Focus group refers a form of qualitative research that a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs, etc. 3. Prototypes: Prototype means early samples, models, or forms. 4. Trade associations and business directories: 5. Industry databases: The database has many research reports about various industries. 6. Demographic data: Demographic data is about the Decennial Census and other surveys of individuals and households administered by the Census Bureau. 7. Forecasts: Forecasts means the process if making prediction if the future base on the past or present data. 8. Articles: Making researches by reading articles. 9. Internet: Searching information by using internet. 4-13: Developing a business model before writing business plan is essential because it adds more details to the evaluation of a new business begun during the feasibility analysis by graphically depicting the â€Å"moving paths† of the business and ensuring that they are all working together. Also, when building a business model, the entrepreneur addressShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of An Entrepreneur From The Sbo1859 Words   |  8 PagesDifferentiating the Entrepreneur from the SBO †¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Differentiating a SBO (small business owner) and an entrepreneur can be difficult as most people would instinctively view them as one in the same. 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The Effects Of Routine Activities On Happiness Essay

It has been argued that happiness demonstrates significant variability across time, age, and contexts. Little research has examined the combined effects of behavior, attitudes, and lifespan development on happiness. The purpose of the study carried out by Bailey, Kang, and Schmidt (2016) was to determine the influence of leisure routine, locus of control, wisdom, and age on happiness. Leisure routines compromised social media, reflection, physical activity, time outdoors, and friends. In addition, the researchers also wanted to determine and clarify how leisure routine activities and attitudes influenced happiness at different life stages. To determine the influence of routine activities at different life stage, Bailey et al. (2016) sampled a student group and an alumni group (from the same university). The student group fell into Erik Erikson’s adolescent and young adult stages of development, identity versus role confusion and intimacy versus isolation (concerned with develo ping their unique identity and seeking close relationships) (Kuther, 2017, p. 13). On the other hand, the alumni group fell into the middle adulthood stage of development, generativity versus stagnation (attempting to avoid stagnation by contributing to society and future generations) (Kuther, 2017, p. 13). There were three research questions central to this study. In this particular study, the researchers were interested in studying the influence of age, behavior, and attitude on overall happiness. 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Detailed Marketing Research Sample

Marketing research Apple believes on gathering the competitive edge over the competitors through innovation and the innovation comes from understanding the needs and requirements of the consumers. Apple beliefs that consumers are not responsible for finding their needs as the company itself is responsible for finding the needs and demand of the consumers. iPhone is one of the best innovation done by Apple and to gain competitive edge over the competitors especially, over Samsung, Apple does huge sort of market research related activities. Apple does the market research not only for understanding the needs of the consumers throughout the world but it does the market research because the leader of innovation wants to generate and incorporate the needs in the mind of the consumers (YouTube, 2014). Apple believes the concept of market research so that, they can understand the adoptability of the consumers and the choices of the consumers. In the product line of Apple most of the products are found as the i nnovation and the introduction of innovative products provide the company a reputation, competitive edge and brand name in the world market. Once the product becomes matured or the products go in the growth stage in the market the competitors of the company introduce the similar kinds of products and in the mean time the company gains the competitive advantage over the competitors. The primary and the secondary research are used to collect data and for continuing the entire market research process very carefully. The primary research process is that research process in which the data are collected on the first hand basis and generally, the company conducts the primary research by taking the insights of the customers only. Apple conducts the primary research to gather the information of the customers about the product information. For iPhone, Apple generally does the primary research to add some information in their websites and to gather the feedbacks from the customers in order to enhance the efficiency of their products and services. The secondary research on the other hand helps to gather the information about the competitors of the company. From, the newspapers, business magazines and business journals the secondary research is being conducted. The marketing research is used by Apple i phone to understand the positioning strategy of the competitor, the insi ghts of the consumers regarding the products and services of the organization and it is also used to understand the needs and requirement of the consumers to a large extent. Marketing research process The marketing research process comprises of several stages and those data collection, data processing, data analysing, evaluation of the information and finally the presenting the data. The company iPhone conducts the research by focusing on data collection especially through the focus group interview for the primary survey method. In the secondary research process the company used to gather the information through business journals and magazines. Apple iPhone to understand whether the customers are happy with this iPhone or not or to find out the position of the company in the mind of the consumers, gather the data. The raw data is then processed by sorting and tabulating before it is analysed. To convert the data into information the data are analysed by the researchers. The analysts are responsible to evaluate the information through the data analysis process. From the market research process iPhone comes to know about th4e preferences of the consumers in the specific geographical area. For example, from the market research survey it is understood that why the Chinese consumers demand for iPhone more than the smartphones. Secondly, to evaluate the reasons for purchasing the products of the company are understood by the market research process. The market research process answers the questions regarding why the Iphone is still popular than the smartphones among many users though the smartphones various attractive features. The market research questions have replied the company that in China people are more cautious and enthusiastic about the several features of iPhone which are known as the great driver for the company. By conducting the survey it is understood the level of sales potentiality in China and how the distribution channels can be formed (YouTube, 2014). A case has been cited over here where the market research has been used to understand the preferences of the consumers. Apple believes that it is the leader of innovation but it is important for the company to understand what the customers believe. The research surveys have also answered iPhone regarding why people choose iPhone though there is a presence of Andriod device. The surveys in almost 7 countries have replied that Trust Apple Brand is the most important factor why people have purchased the iPhone and not the Smartphone devices. The research study says that features and designs are the two main factors which act as a factor of differentiation for the company. The company can use the facts and information gained from the survey and then can formulate the strategies in order to sustain in the long term. Future of marketing research The future of marketing research will depend on the technological development of the marketing research methods. The future marketing research would depend on the success of data collection method. The main market research tool which is used by Apple iPhone is the focus group information but the dependency on the focus group interview is not stagnant in nature and the company needs to change the way of research in the long run. The future marketing research process needs to focus on more data than ever. The future marketing strategy needs as much as possible data and information so that; the marketers would not need to depend on the judgemental decisions. The future marketers would need the data for making the future decisions and for that full passion is required. In the competitive business environment every competitors want to collect data and on the basis of the collected data the marketers establish the business decisions. The most likely tool which is used for gathering and col lecting the data is survey method. But, the survey method is considered as the most tiring method for the consumers. People are bored off in providing information through the telephonic information and through the survey method. The future marketers should focus on some more scientific methods which are reliable in nature (YouTube, 2014). Because, taking decisions without focusing on the data will be proved as a costly phenomenon. The business decisions cannot be made on the basis of the judgement of the managers and the experience of the managers. As Apple claims that they are the need generator rather the need identifier and that is the reason the market research is not conducted by them to understand the prevailing need in the existing market. But, in the future scenario before innovating the products and services it will be important for the company Apple iPhone to understand the prevailing demand in the market. Demand estimation would be a great strategy for the market in this respect. In the new market scenario the company Apple iPhone should emphasis on some strategies to gather the data from the market which will provide more effective and huge amount of data to the company. For example, the eye tracking, brand equity research, concept testing and ad tracing etc to understand the current position of the company. The methods of survey and sampling The survey method is conducted to know the insights of the selected sample size. The population is considered as the whole or the universe where the sample is considered as a part of population. The sample size generally does not exclude the size of 1/10 of the entire population. The sample survey is being done so that, the time frame and the resources can be matched with the availability. The more the size of the sample the less will be the extent of errors in the entire sampling process. The sampling can be classified into two different parts and those probability sampling and non-probability sampling. The probability sampling is considered as the sampling method where the inclusion of each and every member is similar in nature. In the non-probabilistic sampling method the judgemental method is engaged and the possibilities of the inclusion of the sample members are not same in the inclusion process. The sampling technique comprises several processes including simple random sampling, systematic sampling, multi-stage sampling, stratified sampling and cluster sampling. The simple random sampling refers to that sampling process which has a chance of equal selection. Using the lottery methods and random sample generation the simple random sampling technique can be used. The simple random sampling is not used where the exclusion criterias are high and the sample size has been decided as large in nature. Apple iPhone does the random sampling to conduct the customer survey. For understanding the reasons for the product purchase the company Apple iPhone uses the random sampling technique. The systematic sampling technique which is considered as one of the non-probabilistic sampling and the sampling is done in a very systematic manner which is possible when the sample sizes are known and small for the company. The company Apple iPhone uses the stratified sampling which is also known as a non-probabilistic sampling. While conducting the survey to understand the purchase behaviour of the consumers of seven different countries the stratified sampling method was used (YouTube, 2014). The samples from different countries are being selected on the basis of stratified sampling. The stratified sampling technique is used because a specific set of data is required. Questionnaire and application in IPhone Company Questionnaire is a set of questions which are asked to the respondents for the purpose of obtaining particular type of information. The objectives of the questionnaire are collecting the appropriate data; compare the collected data and making the data in use of analysis, reducing the question bias etc. The questionnaire can be of different types; it can be descriptive in nature, can be analytical in nature and also can be self-administered in nature. The self-administered questionnaire can be used by the iPhone company so that, the researcher can send the handouts to the respondents, mailing questionnaire is also an important aspect of the company and the telephonic surveys are also possible for the company iPhopne. iPhone can arrange every kinds of questionnaire depending on the type of information the company wants to gather and on the number of available sample size it has. The mail questionnaire survey is done by the company when the relationships with the respondents are stable and when the company needs to take the feedback from the respondents about the product or service characteristics. The analytical questionnaire also can be used by the company iPhone to find out the association between two variables. The company for understanding the customer behaviour uses the descriptive questionnaire method. For example, the questionnaire is being made by IPhone Company to know the perception of the consumers of seven different countries and the researcher can use the close ended questionnaire for getting the compact insights of the consumers. One sample questionnaire is discussed below: What are the reasons for using the iPhone over the smartphones? Options: a. Design of the iPhone Product features of the iPhone Price of the iPhone Image of trust related to the name of Apple The descriptive questionnaire can also help out the company to find out the positioning of the company. For example, one descriptive question is being formed and mailed to the customers. Do you think the company iPhone is able to secure the culture of innovation till date? In the above mentioned question the respondent would have the choice for providing their in-depth insights and knowledge. The researcher requires such kind of questionnaire survey when the in-depth analysis of the topic is required. Reference YouTube, (2014). Marketing Briefs: What is Market Research?. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2-q2vwa_n2I [Accessed 9 Aug. 2014]. YouTube, (2014). What is Market Research? An Informative Presentation.. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zq391bgs6h0 [Accessed 9 Aug. 2014]. YouTube, (2014). Future of Marketing Research.mp4. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m547hHWvKk4 [Accessed 9 Aug. 2014]. YouTube, (2014). Sampling. Part 2 of 2 on Surveys and Sampling.. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owN9hLq-Eac [Accessed 9 Aug. 2014]. YouTube, (2014). What is a Questionnaire?. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CfEga-dr_Ww [Accessed 9 Aug. 2014].

Paul The Great Essays - Paul Robeson, English-language Films

Paul The Great Paul the Great The exhibit I viewed was a very interesting exhibit. It had lots of great information about Robeson and his accomplishments. When I walked in the museum I saw that there were other exhibits. They were interesting also. Paul Robeson was a famous African-American athlete, singer, actor, and advocate for the civil rights of people around the world. He was perhaps the best known and most widely respected black American of the 1930s and 1940s. As a young man, Robeson was virile, charismatic, eloquent, and powerful. He learned to speak more than 20 languages in order to break down the barriers of race and ignorance throughout the world, and yet, as pointed out in the New York Times Book Review, for the last 25 years of his life his was a great whisper and a greater silence in black America. Born in Princeton, New Jersey, in 1898, Robeson was spared most of the daily brutalities suffered by African Americans around the turn of the century. But his family was not totally free from hardship. Robeson's mother died from a stove-fire accident when he was six. His father, a runaway slave who became a pastor, was removed from an early ministerial position. Nonetheless, from his father Robeson learned diligence and an unshakable dignity and courage in spite of the press of racism and poverty. These characteristics, The New York Times noted, defined Robeson's approach in his beliefs and actions throughout his life. Having excelled in both scholastics and athletics as a youth, Robeson received a scholarship to Rutgers College (now University), where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in his junior year and chosen valedictorian in his senior. He earned varsity letters in four sports and was named Rutgers' first All-American in football. Fueled by his class prophecy to be the leader of the colored race in America, Robeson went on to earn a law degree from Columbia University, supporting himself by playing professional football on the weekends. After graduation he obtained a position with a New York law firm only to have his career halted. While in law school, Robeson had married fellow Columbia student Eslanda Cardozo Goode, who encouraged him to act in amateur theatrical productions. Convinced by his wife and friends to return to the theater after his departure from law, Robeson joined the Provincetown Players, a group associated with playwright Eugene O'Neill. Two productions in which he starred, The Emperor Jones and All God's Chillun Got Wings, brought Robeson critical acclaim. Thus Robeson continued on the stage, winning applause from critics and audiences, gaining an international reputation for his performances on the London stage, and eventually extending his acting repertoire to include films. In Show Boat he sang the immensely popular Ol' Man River, displaying a powerful, warm, soothing voice. Robeson had been giving solo vocal performances since 1925, but it wasn't until he traveled to Britain that his singing became for him a moral cause. A critical journey at that time, one that changed the course of his life, was to the Soviet Union. Regardless of his ostensibly simple desire to believe in a cultural genealogy, Robeson soon become a vocal advocate of Communism and other left-wing causes. After World War II, when relations between the United States and the Soviet Union froze into the Cold War, many former advocates of communism backed away from it. When the crimes of Soviet leader Josef Stalin became public--forced famine, genocide, and political purges--still more advocates left the ranks of communism. After he urged black youths not to fight if the United States went to war against the Soviet Union; a riot prevented his appearing at a concert in Peekskill, New York. But his desire was never to leave the United States, just to change, as he believed, the racist attitude of its people. In 1950 the U.S. Department of State revoked Robeson's passport, ensuring that he would remain in the United States. He was black-listed by concert managers--his income, which had been Robeson's passport was restored in 1958 after a Supreme Court ruling on a similar case, but it was of little consequence. When Robeson's autobiography was published that year, leading literary journals, including the New York Times and the New York Herald-Tribune refused to review it. Robeson traveled again to the Soviet Union, but his health began to fail. He tried twice to commit suicide. He became depressed at the loss of contact with audiences and friends, and suffered a series of breakdowns that left him withdrawn and dependent on psychotropic drugs slowly deteriorating

Data Definition and Examples of Data in Argument

Data Definition and Examples of Data in Argument In the Toulmin model of argument, data is the evidence or specific information that supports a claim. The Toulmin model was introduced by British philosopher Stephen Toulmin in his book The Uses of Argument (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1958). What Toulmin calls data is sometimes referred to as evidence, reasons, or grounds. Examples and Observations: Challenged to defend our claim by a questioner who asks, What have you got to go on?, we appeal to the relevant facts at our disposal, which Toulmin calls our data (D). It may turn out to be necessary to establish the correctness of these facts in a preliminary argument. But their acceptance by the challenger, whether immediate or indirect, does not necessarily end the defense.(David Hitchcock and Bart Verheij, Introduction to Arguing on the Toulmin Model: New Essays in Argument Analysis and Evaluation. Springer, 2006) Three Types of Data In an argumentative analysis, a distinction is often made between three data types: data of the first, second and third order. First-order data are the convictions of the receiver; second-order data are claims by the source, and third-order data are the opinions of others as cited by the source. First-order data offer the best possibilities for convincing argumentation: the receiver is, after all, convinced of the data. Second-order data are dangerous when the credibility of the source is low; in that case, third-order data must be resorted to.  (Jan Renkema, Introduction to Discourse Studies. John Benjamins, 2004) The Three Elements in an Argument Toulmin suggested that every argument (if it deserves to be called an argument) must consist of three elements: data, warrant, and claim.The claim answers the question What are you trying to get me to believe?it is the ending belief. Consider the following unit of proof: Uninsured Americans are going without needed medical care because they are unable to afford it. Because access to health care is a basic human right, the United States should establish a system of national health insurance. The claim in this argument is that the United States should establish a system of national health insurance.Data (also sometimes called evidence) answers the question What have we got to go on?it is the beginning belief. In the foregoing example of a unit of proof, the data is the statement that uninsured Americans are going without needed medical care because they are unable to afford it. In the context of a debate round, a debater would be expected to offer statistics or an authoritative quotati on to establish the trustworthiness of this data. Warrant answers the question How does the data lead to the claim?it is the connector between the beginning belief and the ending belief. In the unit of proof about health care, the warrant is the statement that access to health care is a basic human right. A debater would be expected to offer some support for this warrant.  (R. E. Edwards, Competitive Debate: The Official Guide. Penguin, 2008) Data would be counted as premises under the standard analysis.  (J. B. Freeman, Dialectics and the Macrostructure of Arguments. Walter de Gruyter, 1991) Pronunciation: DAY-tuh or DAH-tuh Also Known As: grounds

Art management essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Art management - Essay Example On the same legal issue, during the tenure of the US president George W Bush, there was a tightening of restrictions around the Cuba embargo and it became a bit harder for US citizens especially to access artwork from Cuba freely as had been the case before. This was also as a result of lobbying by some members of families who had had their art confiscated by the Fidel Castro regime when he took power (Yulia, 2010). This is particularly true with the case of the Billionaire Fanjul family that had a vast collection confiscated and later sold by the Cuban government. They lobbied to have anyone trading in their artwork declared to be in violation of trading with the enemy laws put in place to prevent trade with Cuba but under which artwork was exempted. Another law that the Fanjuls and others are relying on in their quest to recover their lost artwork is the Helms- Burton Act which blocks people that deal in Cuban confiscated property and their immediate families from entering the United States and also opens them up to payment of potential damages. In this case there is the Argentinean art dealer Bruno Sciaoli whom they have ascertained to have in his possession one of their lost art pieces known as the Malaga Porta painted by Joaquin Sorolla y Bastida. This Act was however not acceptable to the European Union which then passed a resolution which prevents its enforcement within the EU. The issue of the law not being enforceable in the EU arises from the fact that the EU recognizes Cuba as a sovereign nation as well as its decision to nationalize assets which includes the confiscated art work. In the US its embargo laws prohibit trade in the confiscated properties from Cuba. If the state department tries and finds the art dealer Bruno Sciaoli guilty, then they will have opened a whole new era in the sales of this art works. It will have complicated any sales of artwork sourced from Cuba which is going on at

A critical discussion of the role of organisational memory on Essay

A critical discussion of the role of organisational memory on innovation - Essay Example ith implementation; the more innovative a function, the thinner the time gap between creating and executing, planning and creating, or conceptualizing and applying. Researchers have identified innovation as a variation from current customs or understanding (Mooner & Miner, 1997, p. 95). As advancement involves some level of design or plan, it is believed that is a type of innovation. Nonetheless, it is just one type of innovation. For instance, if an organization innovates a fresh technique to store chemicals by analyzing its requirements, collecting details, planning the fresh storage utility, receiving proposals, and ultimately creating it, the organization has innovated. In addition, innovative activities may involve quite different levels of improvement; a very huge percentage or comparatively tiny percentage of the activities may be novel. Some level of innovation is necessary for an activity to meet the chronological order classification due to its stress on plan or design of activity. These concerns propose a fine connection between innovation and organizational memory. On the other hand, they as well mean that treating them as the same could decrease the capability to appreciate the particular concerns of chronological order by confusing level of organizational memory with level of innovation. Clarifying these differences highlights the notion that the â€Å"proposed definition makes no predictions or assumptions in and of itself regarding the consequences of innovation† Mooner and Miner, 1997, p. 96). This makes innovation more helpful as a study field, because it is then possible to hypothesize as well as check ideas regarding the situations in which innovation is and is not important. It is argued here that organizational memory signifies one of the major determinants of the environment of innovative endings. One thing that is clear with respect to organizational innovation is the effect of earlier practices as well as understanding of the innovating

Money Is the Root of Evil Essay Example for Free

Money Is the Root of Evil Essay Money is the root of evil It could be said that money is one of the greatest inventions of mankind, which affects and changes wide and deep whole human society. It occurred when people had demand to exchange merchandise. Together with the process of development of society, money changed from too simple to complex and sophisticated forms to meet people’s needs in settlement. In its dawn, money was very simple things such as shells, fur and salt etc. When metal was discovered; iron, bronze, silver and gold were used in turn as the role of money. And now, we can use coins, note, card, and check and letter of credit etc. to buy goods in supermarket, pay water, electricity bills or even to settle imports. Money – even of its forms – this is a general parity object, does the role as means in settlement of merchandise and services. Doing the role of intermediary instrument in settlement, money contributes to the development of human society quickly in two aspects: economy and culture. As we know, money made exchange of goods more quickly and conveniently than any direct exchange way; since then trading industry came out into society and developed. In cultural aspect, the most typical features of an ethnic group or a nation will be chosen to make signs on money so by regarding money; we can see the basic features of an ethnic group or a nation. Specially, in our global time, money can be moved very easily between almost nations, it makes cultural exchange more advantageous. How do people think about money? There is a truth that many people value money too high, they think money is all and believe that â€Å"money is a passport to anything†. So they can do anything, even immoral and illegal things in order to have money. Robbers are ready to kill others cruelly for some tens of thousands of dong. Traders are ready to cheat in commerce to appropriate more money. Officials, who have large power and influence on society, themselves trample on their honor, others’ interests, their nation’s future etc. to take dirty money. With those evil acts, they make people believe that money is a cause of evil. Although there are many bad acts related to money; I always think that money couldn’t be the root of evil, money is just a victim of some people’s greed. Some people, with cruel and greedy character, did anything to have money; but is it true that their purpose is only about money? No, I don’t think so. I believe that their last aim is about things money can bring to them. So the deep reason of evil in society is cruelty and greed. It means people must bear full responsibility for their evil and they can’t blame anyone or anything. Until now, money is just a means in settlement.

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Essay -- essays research papers

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), is the most common psychiatric disorder among children today. It’s symptoms are not necessarily obvious and start at various times. Some children give indication of having the disorder before they are born, others are not diagnosed with having it until their preteen years. ADHD overlaps with several other conditions, further confusing physicians and mental health professionals who attempt to provide a diagnosis. Hyperactive children, who are often misdiagnosed as "emotionally disturbed," create a lot of chaos in the home and at school. The number, severity, and types of symptoms differ from one child to the next, each of whom show a different pattern of behavior and personality. There are, however, certain similarities among ADHD children. ADHD was described as early as 1845 by the German physician Henrich Hoffman in his classic Der Struwelpeter (Slovenly Peter), a collection of humorous moral tales for children. The heroes were taken from his observations of children. In 1902, Dr. G. F. Still, described the behavior of a group of hyperactive children. He knew of no medical reasons for their behavior and made no mention of their educational needs or social skills. He said that part of the problem with ADHD children was "deficient training in the home." In 1923, researcher, F. G. Ebaugh, was one of the first to publish a professional paper recognizing ADHD as a long-term problem requiring cooperation and intervention by several professional disciplines. Over the past four decades, dozens of labels have been used for a collection of traits that has come to be known as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Children who have some of these traits show them most of the time; the types, number, and level vary within each child from moment to moment and from situation to situation. Research studies point to a 5 to 10% number of children who have the syndrome. Some experts believe the true number is closer to 20% of the general population. In a recent study of over 9000 children in the Midwest, the number of children who have been medically diagnosed as hyperactive was about 3%. The number of undiagnosed children, based on data from teachers and parents, was estimated at about... ...D children also have sleeping problems, coordination problems, are self-centered, impatient, reckless, and have extreme emotional problems. Some indications that a child will be ADHD are, apparent hyperactivity in the womb, poor maternal health, mother under 20 years of age, first pregnancy, high blood pressure during pregnancy, maternal alcohol abuse, heavy maternal smoking, and drug abuse. Research now indicates that hyperactive children continue to have multiple problems as adolescents, though the hyperactivity has decreased. Problems with aggression, poor self-concept, impaired peer relationships, and poor school performance become prominent. The ADHD adolescent is often sad and depressed. Children whose obseverable symptoms continue into adolescents have higher rates of delinquency and conduct disorders and lower IQ’s and academic achievement scores than those whose symptoms stop at early adolescence. There are many helpful and sucessful programs for children and adolescents who have this disorder. With the right help and medication, many ADHD children can grow up to lead a normal life.

the International Financial Reporting Standard in the uk

International Financial Reporting Standards are a set of regulations issued by the International Accounting Standard Board, an independent organic structure located in London, United Kingdom. In the period 1973-2000, the International Accounting Standard Board ( IASB ) and the International Accounting Standard Committee ( IASC ) , an organisation formed in 1973 by professional accounting organic structures in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, United Kingdom and Ireland, and the United States, issued the international criterions. Those criterions were known during the mentioned period as the International Accounting Standards ( IAS ) ( Ball 2005 ) . From April 2001onwards, the IASB became the functionary organic structure for publishing regulations and criterions sing accounting and fiscal issues under IFRS. At the same clip, IAS which issued by the International Accounting Standard Committee ( IASC ) are still acceptable by the IASB ( Ball 2005 ) . Harmonizing to the International Accounting Standard Board, since 2001 at least 120 states have required or permitted the acceptance of IFRS. In 2002, the European Union launched that all EU states ‘ listed companies must fix themselves to follow IFRS from 2005. In 2003, the first IFRS1 issued by IASB â€Å" first-time acceptance â€Å" and the undermentioned states commit themselves to follow the IFRS ( Australia, Hong Kong, New Zealand and South Africa ) . In 2005, In Europe about 7,000 listed houses in 25 states at the same time change to IFRSs. US Security Exchange Committee Chief Accountant issues ‘roadmap ‘ depicting stairss towards the remotion of the rapprochement demands by 2009. 2006, China adopts accounting criterions well in line with IFRSs in order to acquire full convergence after the Memorandum of Understanding has been made between IASB and FASB for progressing convergence of IFRSs and US GAAP. In 2007, Brazil, Canada, Chile, India, Japan and Korea all launch a day of the month to follow or meet with IFRSs. In 2008, Israel, Malaysia and Mexico to follow IFRSs and United States issues ‘roadmap ‘ for IFRS acceptance, update of IASB-FASB Memorandum of Understanding released and IASB paths complete response to the fiscal crisis. The completion of first portion of Constitution Review by IASCF was in 2009, besides the IASB increased members to 16 by 2012. Study overview: This survey will concentrate on the impact of implementing IFRS on UK listed companies through statistical analysis, mensurating the differences of fiscal ratios before and after the acceptance of IFRS. Then the survey will analyze the balance sheet and income statement points in order to research the grounds for differences in fiscal ratios and so analyze which of the IFRSs that made these differences. The fiscal ratios will be used in this survey are: The profitableness ratios: operating net income border ( OPM ) , return on equity ( ROE ) and return on invested capital ( ROIC ) . Leverage: measured by equity ratio ( ER ) and pitching ratio ( GR ) . Liquidity ratios: current ratio ( CR ) and speedy ratio ( QR ) . Market-based ratio: monetary value to net incomes ratio ( PE ) .Research Problems:This survey will be trying to analyze the followers: The effects that may ensue from altering describing criterion from the UK GAAP to the International Financial Reporting Standard. The survey will concentrate on fiscal ratios, specifically profitability ratios, fiscal purchase, liquidness ratios and the market-based ratio of the houses that adopt the IFRS and impacts of this acceptance.Purposes and Aims of the survey:This survey will turn to the research inquiry whether there is an impact on the public presentation of the companies that adopt IFRS alternatively of their local GAAPs. Further more, this survey is a attempt to add more literature to the 1s that already done in this country but on different states in order toRationale and Justification for the survey:The principle and the justification of this survey is an effort by the research worker to find whether if there is an impact on the cardinal fiscal ratios consequences when following the International Financial Reporting Standards. There are many literatures done about the issue of following IFRS and its impact on the public presentation of the houses. Such literatures tackle the topic from different point of position, but this survey will concentrate on analyzing the impact on fiscal ratios through statistical analysis.Methodology:This survey will analyze the impact of acceptance of IFRS on fiscal ratios of the listed houses in UK for the old ages 2002, 2003 and 2004 as the old ages before the compulsory acceptance in 2005, so the old ages 2006, 2007 and 2008 as the old ages after the acceptance. The s urvey will utilize the fiscal ratios for 30 listed houses in the UK. This research will follow the survey of Lantto & A ; Sahlstrom ( 2009 ) , where they analyse the differences between fiscal ratios before and after the transition from Finnish accounting criterions to IFRS. This survey will utilize the same methodological analysis on the UK houses and will prove the statistical significances of the differences, and analyze the major grounds for the differences before and after the transition.Research construction:Chapter one: debut Chapter two: differences and similarities between IFRS and UK GAAP Chapter three: research methodological analysis Chapter four: consequences Chapter five: decision and treatmentPlan of the Survey:The entry of the thesis will be on the of September 2010 and it will be finished in about four months get downing from June up to September and can be scheduled as follows:Literature Reappraisal:Many literatures have studied the impact of the acceptance of IFRS alternatively of national GAAPs in order to analyze the betterment of fiscal coverage. IFRS is established to minimise the spread between fiscal statements prepared under different national or domestic GAAPs. Lantto & A ; Sahlstrom ( 2009 ) analyze the impact of IFRS acceptance on cardinal fiscal ratios in Finland after transition from DAS to IFRS. Their survey conclude that there have been alterations in cardinal fiscal ratios of Finnish companies after the acceptance of IFRS perceptibly increasing in profitableness ratios and pitching ratios on one manus. On the other manus, they have found a decreasing in the PE, equity and speedy ratios. These additions in profitableness ratios and lessenings in PE ratio are due to the additions in the income statement net incomes. They refer that the remotion of the amortisation of purchased good will harmonizing to IFRS 3 is the chief ground for the noticeable increasing in the ratios of profitableness. They besides found that there is an addition in duty points and a lessening in stockholders equity and this will take to increase the fiscal purchase ratios. In add-on, the addition of the current liabilities made the liquidness ratios to diminish, w here Daske et Al ( 2008 ) examine the compulsory acceptance of ( IFRS ) and its effects on the economic system on different states over the universe. They analyze a sample of houses in 26 states in order to analyze the effects on market liquidness, cost of capital, and Tobin ‘s Q in these states. Their determination was, on mean, market liquidness increases around the clip of the debut of IFRS which contradict Lantto & A ; Sahlstrom ( 2009 ) . They recorded an addition in equity ratings which is consistent with Lantto ‘s consequences and a lessening in houses ‘ cost of capital, when the effects took topographic point before the official acceptance day of the month. When spliting their sample, they find that states that have intensifiers for transparence tend to hold capital-market benefits. When they make comparing between compulsory and voluntary adoptive parents, they find that the capital market effects are most obvious for companies that voluntarily adopted IFR S, in both old ages when they adopt IFRS and once more afterwards, when IFRS go compulsory. Furthermore, Cordazzo ( 2007 ) address the concern of altering from Italian GAAP to IFRS by supplying empirical support of the nature and the size of the differences between Italian GAAP and IAS/IFRS. He studied Italian listed companies in order to demo the most of import effects of the acceptance of IAS/IFRS. The consequences show a further the entire impact of altering to IFRS on net income than stockholders ‘ equity. His consequences confirms Lantto & A ; Sahlstrom ( 2009 ) consequences in footings of positive impact on net income and contradicts with Daske et Al ( 2008 ) and Lantto & A ; Sahlstrom ( 2009 ) in the impact on stockholders equity when his consequences showed a lessening in this point. The single accommodations show more major differences between the Italian GAAP and IAS/IFRS in how to handle concern combination, fiscal instruments, commissariats and intangible assets wi th mention to both net income and stockholders ‘ equity ; while there has been an of import difference merely on stockholders ‘ equity in income revenue enhancements, and belongings, works, and equipment. Nevertheless, Jermakowicz ( 2004 ) study the acceptance of IFRS in Belgium. The survey examined 20 companies in Belgium tracking the impact of IFRS on their studies. This survey adopted a study attack sent to 20 Belgian houses aims to happen out that using IFRS will impact the method of coverage of these companies every bit good as enhance the comparison degrees in fixing amalgamate histories for these houses. The first three companies that adopted the IFRS in 2003 were analyzed quantitatively. The survey summarises that companies adopted the IFRS alternatively of Belgian GAAP reported a considerable impact on their net income, every bit good as equity, which is consistent with Daske et Al ( 2008 ) and Lantto & A ; Sahlstrom ( 2009 ) . Besides, Iatridis & A ; Rouvolis ( 2009 ) look into the effects of the acceptance of IFRS alternatively of Greek GAAP on the fiscal figures of Greek listed companies. They besides study the factors related to IFRS voluntary revelations before officially following IFRS, the grade of net incomes direction under IFRS, and the value relevancy of IFRS-based accounting Numberss. Their consequences show that the following IFRS has caused instability in the figures of balance sheet and income statement of Grecian companies. They found that there has been a major betterment in fiscal figures in the undermentioned period even though the effects of the passage cost because of following IFRS. The consequences show that the twelvemonth of the acceptance of IFRS in 2005 did impact the fiscal figures adversely in footings of profitableness and liquidness. In twelvemonth 2006, these figures recorded an betterment, which they refer it to that IFRS became more well-known to the Grecian companies. Another survey has been done on German companies that adopt IFRS by Van Tendeloo and Vanstraelen in 2005. They tackle the issue of whether the acceptance of IFRS is related to lower net incomes direction. They study German companies that have adopted IFRS if they engage significantly less in net incomes direction compared to companies fixing their studies under German GAAP. In their consequences, they propose that the acceptance of IFRS can non be related with lower net incomes direction. Schipper ( 2005 ) study the effects related to mandatory acceptance of IFRS in the European Union and he found that the International Accounting Standards Board must supply more inside informations about the usage of the IFRS and the inauspicious effects that may ensue due to the acceptance of IFRS, or at that place will non be broad usage of IFRS by the comptrollers who prepare the fiscal studies and they will go on to utilize local GAAPs or US GAAP. Jones & A ; Higgins ( 2006 ) support Schipper ‘s consequences when he studied 60 companies in Australia that adopt IFRS through a telephone study. They find important fluctuation in the study answers with elements such as house size, industry background and expected impacts on fiscal public presentation ; the overall consequences show that many of the companies have non been good prepared for altering to IFRS and they are dubious about acquiring any benefits from following IFRS. Callao et Al ( 2006 ) . Quoted in Callao, Jarne & A ; LaA?A ±nez ( 2007 ) inspect the manner in which Spanish companies have dealt with procedure of using IFRS. The base of empirical survey is a study sent to Spanish concern groups listed on the Madrid stock exchange. The consequences show that these companies have taken a really positive attitude towards the harmonisation procedure and the acceptance of IFRS in one manus. On the other manus, altering to IFRS is dearly-won and needs more alterations in concern organisation and constructions, every bit good as accounting policies. A twelvemonth subsequently a contradictory survey done by Callao et Al ( 2007 ) when he examine the effects of the acceptance of IFRS on the comparison and relevancy of fiscal coverage in Spain. This survey tried to compare between houses that adopt IFRS and others that still use the local GAAP. They found that following IFRS did negatively impact the comparison and concluded that using both criterions at the same clip in the same state will do it hard when comparing between houses, even in the same industry. Their survey besides consequences that the fiscal coverage has non improved because there was a spread between the book value and market value when altering to IFRS. They besides concluded that there will non be benefits from using IFRS in the short term and may be there will be in medium and long term. Peng & A ; Smith ( 2009 ) look into the convergence procedure through the old ages ( 1992-2006 ) of the convergence of Chinese GAAP with IFRS from theoretical point of position. They find that there have been an of import motion towards convergence took topographic point through the issue of four following Chinese GAAPs: 1992, 1998, 2001, and 2006. Convergence between Chinese GAAP to IFRS happened through both, the direct import of criterions from IFRS and progressive alterations to Chinese GAAP. Direct import was observed for points either reflective of traditional Chinese accounting pattern or 1s that addressed state of affairss non considered or non relevant under the old accounting theoretical account. Progressive alterations to Chinese GAAP were observed on points well different from traditional pattern. On the whole, they concluded that both combination of staged execution and direct import has proven to be practical and effectual in the convergence of Chinese GAAP with IFRS. Jones and Luther ( 2005 ) examine three Bavarian companies and two direction consultancy houses in Germany, whether the alteration to IFRS could hold important effects on the typical traditional direction accounting patterns applied in the field of control. They conclude that directors have to take between, either uniting external and internal coverage or go oning to run double accounting systems, restricting the acceptance of IFRS to external coverage. Ormrod and Taylor ( 2004 ) analyse the impact of the following IFRS alternatively of UK GAAP on compacts included in debt contracts. Their consequences showed more volatile on net incomes figures, every bit good as in fluctuations reported net incomes and balance sheet elements. Wei?enberger, Stahl, andVorstius ( 2004 ) study the surveyed a group of German houses listed in ( DAX100 ) for the grounds that made these houses choose IFRS or US GAAP instead than German GAAP. The research workers received 81 responses out of 359 houses ‘ sample. Their consequences showed that the ground of acceptance of IFRS or USGAAP by these German houses was that they was anticipating to hold terms in the capital markets, every bit good as to better supply of information, and the internationalisation of investors. However, they found that non all of these aims were attained. Larson and Street ( 2004 ) study 17 European states to analyze the obstructions of the convergence in these states ( Switzerland, the10 new EU members and other EU campaigner states ) . The informations used was gathered in2002 convergence study by the former Big Six international accounting houses. They showed in their consequences that two major obstructions to convergence are the trouble of definite IFRS and the tax-orientation of many local systems.

Different Types Of Application Architectures Essay

1) What are the different types of application architectures? The application architecture is the way functions of the application layer get spread among the clients and servers in the network. There are five major application architectures used nowadays. The host-based architectures allow the server to perform all of the work virtually. The client based architectures allow the client computers to perform most of the work. The most dominant application architecture called the client server architectures, share the work between the servers and clients. The peer to peer architectures share the work of both clients and servers. The last one is called the cloud based architecture, where the cloud provides services to the client such as software, platform, and infrastructures. 3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of host-based networks versus client-server networks? The host-based networks have several advantages. This architecture is very simple and will work very well. The application software is developed and stored on a single sever along with all the data. It is a single point of control since messages flow through the only central server. However, this architecture has a downside to it as well. The server processes every single message. This might result in the servers being overloaded or going through a tedious process all the user s demand. The response will delay and it will cost a lot of money to upgrade the server. Client-server networks are a popularlyShow MoreRelatedWeb Services, Cloud Computing1327 Words   |  6 Pagesservices provide the ways that organizations can use applications to communicate with each other across the internet. Cloud computing provides various types of service, such as software as a service, where a provider g ives the company software that they can use for their business functions. 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